cuidado con la maniobra de valsalva
No estoy en absoluto de acuerdo.
La reacción natural del cuerpo humano al realizar cualquier clase de esfuerzo físico es, precisamente, contener la respiración (levantar un objeto pesado, empujar un coche, etc...). La maniobra Valsava lo único que hace es estructurar ese mismo reflejo innato, haciéndolo más seguro: si, en mitad de una intensa repetición a uno le vence el peso, de nada servirá tratar de contener entonces la respiración. Hay que hacerlo antes y durante toda la repetición.
Es imposible mantener el torso erguido y como un bloque si se respira. Al menos cuando uno tiene que mover un peso significativo. Es una práctica habitual en todos los deportes de fuerza y potencia.
El incremento de presión arterial que provoca es puntual y coincide solamente con la duración de la repetición (es decir, demasiado poco tiempo para causar cualquier daño).
Lo que no hay que hacer es contener la respiración durante toda la serie. Ni siquiera durante un par de repeticiones seguidas.
Veamos lo que dice Lyle McDonald al respecto:
Now, perhaps the simplest approach to breathing while lifting is to inhale during the eccentric contraction (when the muscle is lengthening) and exhale during the concentric (when the muscle is shortening). And there is certainly much logic to this piece of advice.
In general, people are a bit stronger when they exhale (this is part of why boxers and martial artists exhale when they throw a punch or kick) and since it’s harder to lift a weight than it is to lower it, it makes sense to synchronize the breathing with the difficulty of the movement. So you exhale when the weight is being raised and inhale when the weight is being lowered.
As well, and I’ll come back to this in a second, breathing in this fashion tends to cause less issues with blood pressure spiking, at least when compared to holding the breath. So from at least that one perspective (blood pressure), breathing fairly continuously throughout the set in the manner I’ve just described tends to be safer compared to what I’m going to describe shortly.
For this reason, many are quite adamant that this is how everyone should always breathe when lifting weights.
However…..
Y es aquí donde comienza lo interesante:
While the breathing pattern I described above may be the safest from the standpoint of blood pressure during lifting, there are other issues to consider. One of the most critical is spinal stability.
During lifts that load the spine (e.g. squats, deadlifts, overhead press and many others), it’s critical that the spine be supported to prevent injury (and this is especially true as the weights get heavier and/or the repetitions get lower).
Now, there are a lot of different mechanisms including muscles, ligaments, etc. that act to support the spine during lifting; I’m not going to discuss them in detail here. But one of the key ones is something called Intra-abdominal pressure or IAP.
IAP is pretty much what it sounds like, an increase in pressure that occurs within the abdomen; for reasons I’m not going to get into here, this helps to mechanically stabilize the spine and prevent it from buckling under heavy loads.
And how do we increase IAP during lifting? The primary way is by performing a Valsalva or Partial Valsalva maneuver; this simply refers to exhaling against a closed glottis (windpipe). It’s sort of an active way of holding your breath.
More specifically, to increase IAP while lifting, the following should be done:
1.The lifter should inhale into the belly (note: this is different than breathing superficially into the chest) filling the stomach with air.
2.The lifter should then try to exhale but without letting any air escape because the windpipe is closed off.
El resto del artículo, que no tiene desperdicio, se puede encontrar aquí:
http://www.bodyrecomposition.com/traini ... ining.html
La conclusión final:
So what’s the best way to breathe in the weight room? As usual, it depends.
For complete beginners (who should always be using light weights anyhow), it’s more important that they breathe than how they breathe. This is especially true during the first few workouts when there is so much other stuff that needs to be worried about.
For general lifting for health or fitness type purposes, I’d probably err on the side of the basic ‘exhale while lifting, inhale while lowering’. Admittedly there will be some loss of stability but usually basic fitness type lifting isn’t aimed at maximal performance and it would be rare for low repetitions or massively heavy weights to be used. As well, it’s not as common to see squats or deadlifts being used in those types of routines.
As well, individuals with any type of pre-existing cardiac or blood pressure issues would generally want to stick with the basic type of breathing. Breath holding would need to be avoided.
However, once trainees start pursuing more performance oriented goals and assuming that they don’t have any sort of pre-existing issue, mastering the use of the Partial Valsalva during lifting is crucial. Not only will it provide the most spinal safety, it will improve performance during the use of low reps and/or heavy weights in core movements like squat, bench press, deadlift, etc.
En definitiva: si se realizan ciertos ejercicios como peso muerto, sentadilla, 'press' militar de pie y demás, es indispensable hacer uso de la maniobra Valsava a fin de estabilizar el torso. Ejecutando unas extensiones de cuádriceps, obviamente no es necesario.